The amount of gas a solution can hold is dependent on the solution temperature. As a result, heating a solution, usually just before delivery to the chamber, can result in outgassing and the appearance of bubbles in the bath.

A simple way to address this issue is to preheat your solution, in the solution reservoir, to the final working temperature before sending it to the in-line solution heater. Then the gas load is calibrated to the correct level for the desired working temperature.

Warner offers syringe warmers expressly for this purpose. You can view a sampling at the Temperature Control section of our website. (Look under the Syringe Warmers category.)